Female Female octopuses throw rocks at males that bother them.

Question

Female octopuses throw rocks at males that bother them, documented in Octopus tetricus

Answer 1

After further research, I found this claim to be mostly true but misleading. The original source of this claim appears to be a video posted on a Bluesky account called @yourdigitalbrain.bsky.social. Since this is a social media account, it cannot be considered a reliable source on its own. Social media posts often do not provide full context, direct scientific evidence, or citations. The account is also not a scientific institution, researcher, or peer-reviewed publisher.

I used two articles from Smithsonian Magazine and Phys.org to find out whether this claim is true or not. Both sources show that the behavior from the female octopus comes from scientific observations of octopuses in Jervis Bay, Australia. Their findings show female octopuses throwing silt, shells, and debris by using jets of water. This also often occurred during interactions with other octopuses such as during mating attempts. Smithsonian also states that around 90% of the observed throws were done by females. However though, the study makes it clear that they are not specifically throwing rocks, and throwing is often used for non-aggressive reasons like cleaning dens. This means that the original claim is slightly exaggerated.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/female-octopuses-throw-things-male-harassers-180978548/

https://phys.org/news/2021-08-female-octopuses-males.html

Answer 2

After doing some research about female octopus "throwing rocks at male octopus". I found that this was true and females do throw rocks or shells/debris at males if they are being annoying or to much. The females do this as a sign of defending themselves from the males. I would say this source is true and it is a true fact that I did not know before reading about it. I was able to verify this claim on the link below.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/female-octopuses-throw-things-male-harassers-180978548/

Answer 3

What I found about this is although it may seem AI, it is a true statement that Octopus do throw things at other Octopus as as a targeting method.
What I found was a popular magazine company that had the same topic of this octopus to check if it came from a valid reasoning and sources. I found on Smithsonian Magazine that since this a very popular site to use that provides credible source for science. In this article it says that this is the first time that scientists have captured something like this among this certain animal. Taking away from this is octopus don't like being surrounded by others so it is kind of a protection for them wanting to be alone that's why their instinct is to throw things. The smithsonian magazine is a secondary source I found that that interprets most topics. I wouldn't say this source has any bias because it is just giving information rather than giving a statement. This gives evidence I am fact checking because this is coming from a source that is used among many things to give information to with recent articles.
This shows fact checking because there are many other articles with this topic explaining the research behind this. 

Answer 4

There is some truth to this, but the original statement is a bit exaggerated. In studies of Octopus tetricus, researchers have observed that females sometimes propel shells, silt, or other debris using jets of water. In a few documented cases, these “throws” have been directed toward males that were attempting to mate, which suggests it may function as a way to discourage unwanted attention.

However, it’s important to add context: octopuses aren’t literally picking up and throwing rocks like humans, and not all of these behaviors are clearly aggressive or targeted. Some debris throwing also happens during normal activities like den maintenance, and scientists are still careful about interpreting intent in animal behavior.

Answer 5

Claim: “Female octopus throw rocks at males that bother them.”

The claim that female octopuses throw rocks at males that bother them is exaggerated. In the video on the post of them throwing rocks at one another is an AI video, and you can tell for many different reasons.  This is a social media post, and they tend to exaggerate more to get more attention and views. One better source to look at that I found was a Smithsonian article, which said “female octopus will gather projectiles like shells,” so they did mention that they will throw stuff, but they explain it in a way that is more scientific; they also state that they are throwing shells, not rocks. When I traced back to the original study, I thought the wording was misleading. This post was confusing to the audience because it was viewed in one way and exaggerated the idea that they only throw rocks at males. 

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/female-octopuses-throw-things-male-harassers-180978548/

Answer 6

Findings:

Through my findings, I found that octopuses do, in fact, throw debris like rocks, shells, and algae. Studies found that female octopus throw more debriefs than males, with 90 throws by females and 11 by males, with female octopus clearly leading. Interactions in which debris would be thrown include social interactions, mating, and fighting. All sources supported the claim that female octopuses throw debris at males for numerous reasons, whether they are just nearby or attempting to mate. It's important to note that not all debris being thrown has intent: 32% is connected to den cleaning, and 8% connected to post-eating cleanup. The claim specifically states that rocks are thrown without acknowledging that octopuses don't just exclusively throw rocks. This claim oversimplifies the octopus's behavior, making it sound as if the debris thrown is always intentional and exclusive to females. The statement is true, but it is not always targeted and intentional.  

The link on the post took me to a social media platform called Blue Sky. The source at which the post was referencing was a short clip of an octopus with the words “Female octopus are being observed throwing objects at males who refuse to leave them alone” with the caption “Female octopuses throw rocks at males that bother them, documented in Octopus tetricus” the social media post gave no source or context to the video other then the caption . This is not a strong source to begin explaining the over-exaggeration and misleading content of the original news detective post.

Sources:

In the line of fire: Debris throwing by wild octopuses | PLOS One

This study observed octopuses in the wild throwing debris. It found that 90 throws were made by females and 11 throws were made by males. This study also showed the data reflecting the different contexts for throwing debris, including 32% den cleaning and 8% after eating. 

“There were 90 throws by females and eleven by males, a ratio of 8.9:1.” 

“Interactive throws were preceded by an interaction, within 2 minutes, with another octopus. Interactions included fights, mating attempts, and approaches or reaches with one or more arms toward another octopus, followed by an apparent reaction by another octopus (ranging from alerting to redirection to physical contact)."

Octopuses throw objects at one another, researchers observe | Science | The Guardian

This article breaks down the 32% den cleaning and 8% after eating statistics. Also discussing that not all throwing is intentional or aggressive, explaining that the behavior is more complex than just targeting the male octopus 

“In two observations, this octopus repeatedly threw debris at another. These and other interactions may have arisen out of a desire to assert personal space, the researchers posit.”

Answer 7

I looked in to your claim that "Female octopuses throw rocks at males that bother them" and found that the claim is true but there is a catch. In an article published on PLOS One titled "In the line of fire: Debris throwing by wild octopuses", Peter Godfrey-Smith claims that they don't only throw rocks they also propel other objects such as shells, silt, and algae.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0276482#sec001

Answer 8

While fact checking your claim I found a few things. Your claim has some truth to it, female octopuses are known to sometimes throw debris at males, but not all instances are with aggression. This type of behavior has been documented as Octopus Tetricus (In the line of fire: Debris Throwing by Octopus). In 2022, an observational study found that females would gather material, and aim their siphon to throw it toward a male that was attempting to mate with them. The throws would be mostly during a forceful unwanted mating attempt. Thus showing that the behavior is somewhat intentional. 

Yet, the claim is only somewhat true, because throwing rocks at males isn't always about rejecting them. Sometimes they also throw debris because they are cleaning their dens, or discarding food. Scientists found that even when this occurs, the movements and throws cannot be directly correlated to aggressive behavior. 

Overall, this claim that female octopuses throw rocks at males that are bothering them has some scientific evidence backing it, but it oversimplifies a behavior that can also be very nuanced. The cases that have been documented of females throwing rocks at males demonstrates that octopuses can use throwing as a targeted and social response, even so as a way to reject and place boundaries. But when looking at the research more broadly, we can see that this behavior can have numerous different functions. Interpreting it is much more difficult, considering you can't just straight up ask the octopus yourself. Scientists emphasize that octopus behavior is highly situational and individual due to their intelligence, as well as how highly adaptable they are. Thus, placing one single definition on a single action cannot capture the whole picture. So therefore, the claim yes is rooted in real observations, but one single moment doesn't paint the whole picture. And octopuses behavior is so complex, it cannot simply be reduced to a single theory. 

Answer 9

Think of this as your investigation log. Answer each question to explain what you discovered and how you got there.

1. Write a brief overall summary of your findings.

After some research, I concluded that scientists have discovered that many females throw rocks, salt, and shells at male octopuses when they seem to be chased or followed.

2. What primary sources did you find (e.g., transcripts, videos of politician speeches, tweets from public figures, scientific studies)? For each source, write at least one or two sentences explaining what you learned. Include all links.

I'm not able to paste any links in this assignment. It will not let me; however, there's a Scientific study by New Scientist on YouTube that clearly depicts a female octopus throwing soil and debris at a male octopus that seems to be chasing her.

3. What secondary sources did you find (e.g., newspapers, magazines)? Only use secondary sources if sufficient primary sources are not available. For each source, write at least one or two sentences explaining what you learned. Include all links.

As for secondary sources, I read a tweet by Tom Digby on Twitter that included a video of an octopus throwing rocks underwater at another octopus. There is no way to tell if it is male or female.

4. What potential biases or interests might each of your sources have?
The scientific study is likely the most reliable; posts found on social media can be altered or exaggerated. Meanwhile, the scientific study is not trying to go viral or to attract attention necessarily, but to inform and intern attract attention by giving out fun facts.

5. What evidence supports the claim you are fact-checking? there's a clear description of two octopuses, throwing things at each other.
6. What evidence undermines the claim you are fact-checking? there's no real proof whether which octopus is male or female.
7. What happened when you tried contacting the person or group who made the original claim? (Always try to contact them—it’s okay if you don’t get a reply. For example, if the claim is that the president said something, try reaching out to the administration. If it was a Bluesky user, message that user on Bluesky.) I received no response.

Answer 10

1. Write a brief overall summary of your findings.

During this study, scientists have discovered that female octopuses like to throw rocks at males if they're uncomfortable or feel harassed. A 2015 study by biologist Peter Godfrey-Smith found that octopuses do throw rocks with their tentacles. While the idea of octopuses throwing rocks wasn't a discovery, what they were throwing at was new. They got some evidence of what the octopus was throwing at in 2016 when a female octopus threw a silt at a male octopus for attempting to mate with her. Octopus throws differently depending on what's happening. If they're building a den, it's angled. If it's towards another octopus, it goes between tentacles, left or right. They found that of the 101 throws, 90 percent of the throws were from females.
2. What primary sources did you find (e.g., transcripts, videos of politician speeches, tweets from public figures, scientific studies)? For each source, write at least one or two sentences explaining what you learned. Include all links.

The primary source I used was from an article by the Smithsonian Magazine. I read the whole article, and they use a reliable source to prove their point. The source is from the biologist Peter Godfrey-Smith, a professor at the University of Sydney who has written several papers and books on wildlife. He has also written a book on the octopus called Other Minds: The Octopus and Evolution of Intelligent Life, so he does have some knowledge of the octopus. He also has his website that I checked, and then I went to the university he worked at and checked it out to see if it was legitimate.

https://petergodfreysmith.com/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/female-octopuses-throw-things-male-harassers-180978548/
3. What secondary sources did you find (e.g., newspapers, magazines)? Only use secondary sources if sufficient primary sources are not available. For each source, write at least one or two sentences explaining what you learned. Include all links.

I have a primary source, so I don't need a secondary source.
4. What potential biases or interests might each of your sources have?

Potential biases are small, as the sources are reliable and have some credibility to prove their evidence.  
5. What evidence supports the claim you are fact-checking?

I checked the sources' credibility, such as the Smithsonian Magazine and Peter Godfrey-Smith. I checked other articles and they all use the quote "a single female threw material 10 times, with 5 of these hitting a male in an adjacent den, who attempted several times to mate with her,"
6. What evidence undermines the claim you are fact-checking?

The coincidence that all the articles, posts, and newspapers I looked at that use the same quote.
7. What happened when you tried contacting the person or group who made the original claim? (Always try to contact them—it’s okay if you don’t get a reply. For example, if the claim is that the president said something, try reaching out to the administration. If it was a Bluesky user, message that user on Bluesky.)

When I tried to contact the journalist who made this, I didn't get any information as of writing this.