The GoodRx article states that caffeine can exacerbate anxiety symptoms, especially in individuals with anxiety disorders, but moderate consumption generally does not lead to increased anxiety. It emphasizes that personal sensitivity to caffeine is crucial.
The PMC article, through a meta-analysis, finds similar conclusions: while caffeine can worsen anxiety for some, it does not affect everyone adversely. The variability in individual responses underscores the importance of recognizing personal limits with caffeine intake.
Both articles stress that the effects of caffeine and anxiety are not uniform, highlighting the need for individualized consideration.