Once again, I’ve heard this myth my whole life, but I never really believed it. My friends would always say they got sick from being outside in the cold without the right clothes, and my immediate reaction was always, “There’s no way that’s true.” So, I decided to look into it and see if there was any truth behind it.
Right away, when I searched this claim, I found no evidence stating that cold weather directly causes people to get sick. According to the Mayo Clinic, “...the cold weather itself doesn't cause the common cold. However, as winter temps dip down, the chances of spreading a respiratory virus go up because more time is spent indoors with others.” (Mayo Clinic). This means that colder temperatures don’t make people sick, but they do drive people indoors, where there is less airflow and a higher chance of spreading germs. While the article disproves the myth, it does acknowledge a small connection between cold weather and illness. The Mayo Clinic also states, “If you're a little bit colder outside, your body's immune system may just drop a little bit because it's spending extra effort to keep you warm.” (Mayo Clinic). This suggests that, for some people, colder temperatures may slightly weaken the immune system, making it a little easier to catch a virus.
Another source, Medical News Today, also supports that cold weather itself doesn’t cause illness. The article explains, “...rhinoviruses may replicate more efficiently at temperatures lower than 37°C, or 98.6°F, the average core body temperature in humans. The temperature inside the nasal cavity is approximately 33°C (91.4°F), which may make it an ideal breeding ground for rhinoviruses.” (Medical News Today). This means that while cold weather doesn’t directly make people sick, viruses may thrive better in cooler conditions, which could make it easier to catch a cold.
Sources-
https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/1-16mayo-clinic-minute-can-cold-weather-cause-a-cold/
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323431