There is ample evidence that shows positive links between participating in sports and an individual’s mental health and well-being. As humans we are active creatures, and keeping our bodies mobile and stretched is important in maintaining physical and mental health. Studies show that athletes, in comparison to non-athletes, have generally higher levels of self-esteem, more positive self-images, and enhanced cognitive functions. “The Cleveland Clinic (2022) notes that regular physical activity releases endorphins which help relieve pain, reduce stress, and improve mood.” (Seattle Anxiety Specialists) Endorphins, which are chemicals in the brain with natural painkilling and mood-elevating properties, send signals to our brains once released that can have a heavy impact on our mental well-being and behavior. Sports can also provide social interaction on many different levels, especially in sports that require a team. They also offer structure and discipline in one’s life and everyday routine, which has proven to be beneficial for people struggling with their mental health. Through these interactions, individuals can be influenced in a number of ways through things like perceived support availability, social influence and awareness, a sense of belonging, and role-based purposes that can give an individual a sense of “meaning”.
“However, the evidence regarding sports participation at the elite level is limited, with available research indicating that elite athletes may be more susceptible to mental health problems, potentially due to the intense mental and physical demands placed on elite athletes.” (National Library of Medicine) While there are definitely many benefits to participating in sports, there is also evidence of the negative impacts sports can have on an individual. Factors like stress and pressure, self-image issues, eating disorders, burning out, injuries, and unhealthy competition or competitive attitudes can seriously affect individuals on a physical and mental level. Risk is involved in our daily lives, and when it comes to sports, risk is a part of the package. Being in an unhealthy physical environment or straining one’s body can be potentially dangerous and lead to unforeseen side effects like injury (which can lead to depression for athletes). “This establishes a complex relationship between an athlete’s mental and physical health, such that neither can be viewed independently.” (National Library of Medicine) Overall, participating in sports can definitely provide positive outlets for individuals and help them stay healthy, but there are risks and compromises associated with exercise that must be examined and implemented on an individual level.
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