The outbreak of COVID-19 had a significant impact on the psychological and behavioral health of college students. However, few studies have systematically explored the relationship between COVID-19 and psychological and behavioral health among college students worldwide. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on college students’ psychological and behavioral health using a knowledge-mapping approach. In total, 796 publications were selected and analyzed to clarify the publication volume and time distribution, core authors, major journals, research institutions, country distributions, research hotspots, and core themes. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, studies focused on the impact of COVID-19 on college students’ psychological and behavioral health showed an increasing trend year by year.