Celsius causes brain fog

Question

Celsius and other caffeinated drinks can lead to brain fog and fatigue.

Comments

I like your explanation of how the "come down" of caffeine can leave you drained after constant use. I have experienced this first hand with constant pre workout use, and I definitely feel more exhausted after workouts, not only because of muscle fatigue, but also due to the crash caused by the high stim pre.

---

I can totally see celsius causing brain fog as it is meant to give you energy who knows what else is in the drinks other than caffein. This is a great topic and post but I believe you could've picked a better website other than live strong as it doesn't function as well for some of us users.

---

I like how thorough the response was on the negative effects of the overall consumption of caffeinated drinks and how it causes brain fog. I can agree that consuming a ton of caffeine affects the overall health of a person and should find ways to reduce our intake. From personal experience, over time caffeine doesn't have the same effect. It feels that I need to consume even more to be more alert and awake during the day. Caffeine damages us mentally and physically.

---

The article included makes several great points about how caffeine ingestion can have a negative-or sometimes positive-effect on a person's well being and potential symptoms it can cause, such as the main claim: brain fog. While this article does shed light on a lot of this, it specifically covers more so on the front of coffee and not energy drinks. While coffee and energy drinks both have caffeine, they also have a stark list of other ingredients that the versus doesn't have. A good handful of the sources used in the claim were older, less-relevant sources that can lower the credibility of some of the points made. Here are some articles that cover the effects of energy drinks rather than just coffee:
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/are-energy-drinks-bad-for-you
https://justthrivehealth.com/blogs/blog/can-energy-drinks-hurt-your-brain?srsltid=AfmBOoonZsRf8xpi_8vObhUXN1ZJocd7tiYlLNVfnpHQNsRKT___JdMH
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10535526/

---

The article you linked was really good it discusses how caffeine, including drinks like Celsius, can contribute to brain fog and fatigue the article highlights the Euphoria you feel when you drink caffeine and how It gives an initial boost in energy and focus, but it has many negative side effects like shakes, headaches, fatigue, migraines, etc. But one thing to also consider besides the caffeine aspect of it is how much other additives are in Celsius and how that also affects the brain

Answer 1

The article claims that Celsius and other caffeinated drinks can lead to brain fog and fatigue after restless nights and sleep deprivation. 

Throughout the article, different sites are linked to provide more in depth explanations of causes and effects of caffeine. Dr. Dennis Lipton explains "people with brain fog may not realize how bad they feel until they treat it and suddenly feel- and think- better." That being said, the intake of caffeinated drinks isn’t the leading cause of brain fog and fatigue, but could be factored in restless nights and deprivation of sleep. However, these symptoms are not detrimental and can be treated. According to Lipton, "treatment can be as easy as going to bed earlier, sleeping with oxygen (for sleep apnea), consuming less alcohol and caffeine,". Given that, it is shown that brain fog and fatigue is a result of many different aspects, not just caffeine. Caffeine is just a product that many who struggle with chronic fatigue syndrome (CSF), insomnia, etc use to combat symptoms. Another aspect that is interesting is from Christopher Drake et al article that agrees with the notion "caffeine taken 6 hours before bedtime has important disruptive effects on sleep and provides empirical support for sleep hygiene recommendations to refrain from substantial caffeine use for a minimum of 6 hours prior to bedtime." This may be a fact in which many people don't take into account. Those that are struggling with constant fatigue and drowsiness may use caffeine more frequently and past the time slot recommended. With that, they don't receive proper sleep and will continue this vicious cycle. 

The heading of this article is made to hook people's attention and get them to click, but is misleading. Although caffeine doesn’t directly result in brain fog and other symptoms stated in this article, it can take a toll on people's sleep schedules and habits. The lack of sleep can cause symptoms of brain fog, fatigue, dehydration, and others, but isn’t the actual cause. 

https://www.vailhealth.org/news/could-it-be-brain-fog

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3805807 

Comments

I agree with your point that caffeine itself is not the direct cause of brain fog. Instead, it's more about how caffeine affects sleep patterns that can lead to those symptoms that affect daily life and lead to brain fog. As you mentioned, this disruption can create a cycle where individuals rely on caffeine to combat fatigue, which essentially messes up one's ability to get a good amount of sleep. I think that this is an important distinction to make.

---

I really like your factcheck. I like how you expanded on this claim and explained it in further detail. It made sense, and I liked how you cited your sources. It was a good idea to include more information about other factors that cause brain fog, and how caffeine alone doesn’t cause it. I also like how you did include the negative impacts of caffeine consumption. This is a great factcheck because you explained the claim being made, but also added the information that was missing.

---

I agree the article’s headline is misleading about caffeine and brain fog. Your point about sleep issues being the main cause makes a lot of sense, especially with Christopher Drake’s findings backing it up. I also like how you explained caffeine can trap people in a cycle of bad sleep and fatigue. It shows why we need better education on healthy caffeine use and sleep habits.

---

I agree! I like that you called out that you pointed out that the article was misleading when it talked about the fact that caffeine was the main cause of fatigue and brain fog when it reality it may be an overconsumption of caffeine and other factors. I like that you provided multiple articles to back up your claim. You added further information that was definitely needed!

---

I was curious as to why you used these specific sources to back your claims, seeing as they are older articles (2017 and 2013). There could be new developments that aren't mentioned in these articles that are mentioned in newer articles. Overall, I think it's still a great dissection of the given claim and really shows your research.

Answer 2

The article claims that energy drinks such as Celsius, gives the consumer brain fog and fatigue in mornings. 

The site claims "Vail Health", "does not recommend following an overall nutritious diet because blood sugar swings can cause inconsistent brain fuel, thus resulting in brain fog."

The linked Vail Health site reads "Brain fog is fairly common, but it’s not normal; it’s actually a symptom of other problems, which can be as simple as not sleeping well or as serious as low or high blood sugar in a person with diabetes." This site is a .ORG site which makes it more trustworthy, and I found one mention of caffeine on this site; "Many times, treatment can be as easy as going to bed earlier, sleeping with oxygen (for sleep apnea), consuming less alcohol and caffeine, eating healthy food regularly and even drinking more water. Studies have shown dehydration contributes to poor brain function (kids who drank a few cups of water before a cognitive test did better than the control group), and in the High Country, it’s easy to become dehydrated."

Throughout the article, there were claims that caffeine consumption effects sleep by a lot, which then causes brain fog due to the lack of sleep, which is true, but the site's headline is clearly clickbait trying to get people to click and read the article, even stop consuming coffee and energy related drinks. But the linked evidential sites claimed from their studies that brain fog comes from lack of sleep and dehydration, and not directly from consumption of coffee or energy related drinks. 

Comments

I appreciate how in-depth you went into trustworthy ".org" sites and a quote about a study that found evidence that this claim is true, it gives your claim a solid background. Claiming the title is clickbait, however, goes against all the credibility you gave your claim considering you reference sites that proved the new title true. I would also suggest looking at a second source not just the source provided.

---

Great job factchecking! You were very thorough in your research of the claim. One detail that could have furthered your fact checking is looking into specific details/statistics mentioned in the article. For instance, the article states that around 1 million Americans are affected by brain fog- Is this statistic true? Though you do mention how many of the sources they quote are reliable because of their .org status- does anything else make them reliable? Are the sources scientific or particularly knowledgable regarding celsius or brain fog? Overall, a couple details would benefit your fact-checks!

---

I like the lengths that you went to to ensure that the sources used were reliable. It really makes be believe you're claims as you were really thorough with your research. I liked how you pointed out that causation does not equal causation as there are other factors that may cause brain fog for an individual.

---

I really appreciate how in depth you went with your answer. It really makes me believe and trust that what you're saying is reliable and true. I really appreciate how you mentioned that there are other factors that go into brain fog. I do wish you linked the sources at the end of your answer so it would be easier to see where you got the information from.

---

This factcheck is very detailed however, I wish there was a link to the more trustworthy .org site you mention.

---

Really appreciate your research on this topic i wish there was further research on this topic since as a college student i find it very interesting that Celsius can have such big effects on you will be doing some further research of my own!

---

I appreciate your use of direct quotes from a credible source instead of just listing a source with no context. I found this to be a beneficial and insightful response. Also, adding a non-profit health organization was a good choice to include.

---

I enjoyed reading your factcheck, it was very detailed to what causes brain fog and that while caffeine does have ties to brain fog and lack of sleep, the title was clickbait. your use of source was also very beneficial for the information provided and used well throughout the factcheck.

---

This is a good fact check! You did a great job showing how the headline doesn't really match what the sources say. I like that you checked out the Vail Health site and you pointed out it's a .org, so it's reliable. You explained the link between caffeine, sleep and  hydration really well too which makes the fact check feel more balanced.

---

I really value the thoroughness with which you referenced reliable ".org" sites and included a study quote supporting your claim—this adds strong credibility to your argument. However, calling the title "clickbait" seems to undermine the solid foundation you've built, especially since you cited sources that back up the new title. Additionally, it might be helpful to consult another source to further strengthen your point.

---

I appreciated your fact check, but I agree with the other commenters. I think it would be more beneficial to boost your claims with additional sources and direct quotes rather than the initial article provided especially since you used that as your only source but called it true, but clickbait, which is contradictory.

---

I like your factcheck because you used direct quotes from the articles as proof for your statement and they are connected clearly and  organized, which makes it easy to follow. I agree with your conclusion about brain fog, but I found that is more closely linked to a person's overall health, and not just to consumption of caffeine.

---

I agree with you that the title could be seen as a bit sensationalized which is super common in articles or stories in order to grab the viewers attention. The title could give the impression that energy drinks like Celsius are the sole cause of brain fog and fatigue without saying how and why it gets to that point.  It's easy and understandable to see how this could be misleading.

---

I think that adding additional source to your factcheck would improve the reliability. I think that only stating the trustworthiness of the website that has the original claim doesn’t do much to make others believe your statement of the claim to be an exaggeration. Finding outside sources from reliable websites and institutions that have supporting evidence will help your argument.

---

I feel like this fact-check could be improved by lessening the large quote and finding other quotes that also support the claim you are making. I like that you went in depth with the article the claim was from, but I think adding more articles could strengthen your argument.

---

I like how you mentioned the .org part of the website as making it more reliable. It is important to always check what type of website a study is on and who funded it. I think that the original claim is a little more exaggerated than you stated in your fact check. I also think you could find more quotes from throughout the article.

Answer 3

In the article quoted for this claim, the conclusion of the study proves that the claim to be true but that the headline is clickbait. In the article it states that caffeine does have an effect on brain fog proven as well as ability to sleep and anxiety from studies done Vail Health. "Vail Health does recommend following an overall nutritious diet because blood sugar swings can cause inconsistent brain fuel, thus resulting in brain fog". Cleveland Clinic came to a similar conclusion, "The more caffeine you consume, the more likely you are to experience negative side effects, including neurologic and cardiac issues and even death". Clearly caffeine has negative side effects but nowhere in any of these studies does it specifically say anything about Celsius, which means that this headline is clickbait.

Comments

Something I appreciate about this comment is the last sentence concluding and summarizing the ideas of the claim and your fact check. It makes it very easy to understand what all the evidence you found means regarding the claim.

---

This fact-check is very good because you linked all of your sources in an organized and easy to read way. I agree with your statement because brain fog is more linked to a person's overall health, not just their caffeine intake.

---

I like how your fact-check is directly in a sense debunking the claim made by the user since it gets straight to the point of what was said. The quotes taken from some of the articles are also helpful in understanding what you are referring to.

---

Thank your for pointing out the way that the article contradicts itself, this is a very helpful response! Additionally, your use of the Cleveland Clinic article as a different source to back up the same claim adds validity to your response, great job :)

---

This fact check is very well written as it shows that although the information is generally correct it doesn't specifically have something to do with Celsius, but rather all caffeine products in general.

---

Well if caffeine has negative effects such as brain fog, and celsius contains caffeine how is the title clickbait? seems like the headline is correct.

---

I like that you state that the article is misleading but also has a hint of the truth seeing that caffeine may lead to brain fog but it doesn't say anything specific about celsius. I think that you couldve included a article of your own to really tie your point together!

Answer 4

The linked article talks about the effects of caffeine on the brain, including the brain fog that can come from drinking too much of it. This is technically true, though not directly. The article linked Vail Health's article on brain fog, which states that brain fog could be caused by something "as simple as not sleeping well, or as serious as low or high blood sugar in a person with diabetes." Lack of good sleep can be caused by ingesting caffeine, so to say that caffeine causes brain fog is not wrong, though it eliminates the other factors that effect the brain's ability to focus.

The writer of the original Live Strong article is a full time professional journalist who has a college education at the University of Maryland. The reviewer of the article is a registered dietition with experience in this topic. Both of these people seem qualified to speak on this topic, which aids in the articles credibility and reliability. Both sources that they cite (Vail Health and the Cleveland Clinic) are .org websites, which points to the fact that they're reliable, as well. In addition, other journalists/articles agree that, based on what we know, caffeine causes dehydration and sleepiness, which causes brain fog.

Though caffeine doesn't directly cause brain fog, it causes sleeplessness and dehydration, which is what causes brain fog. Drinking large amounts of Celsius would give a person brain fog because it would cause dehydration and limit their ability to sleep properly, which are both large factors in the creation of brain fog. And while not all brain fog can be linked to caffeine, there's a good chance that caffeine usage will indirectly cause brain fog.

Comments

I think your first paragraph makes a very good point. Often, we can look at something and see that it is technically true but also not take any time to think about the fact that there could be, as you say, "other factors" affecting the problem. When doing research, it is important to focus on all the factors. That way, we can try to see if there are any deeper areas to the problem at hand.

---

I appreciate your insight into the author of the article, it gives weight to the credibility of the article. The first paragraph also does a good job pointing out the fine details of the article that expose the clickbaity title of the article.

---

I agree with your fact check and also believe that this claim is true. It's great how you used multiple reliable sources to back up the idea that caffeine can have negative affects on human health. You also did a good job describing how it can be a contributing factor of brain fog.

It's also good that you highlighted that although the claim is ultimately true, it is slightly exaggerated/misleading. Celsius is not the only direct cause of brain fog and to say so would be incorrect. As you stated, Vail Health argues that brain fog can be caused by something as simple as low blood sugar or lack of sleep.

---

Thank you for responding to this post. Your evidence to back up why this claim is not fully transparent is sufficient. You used two trustworthy websites that added to your credibility and you reject the claims made that Celsius alone causes brain fog. You include how many other factors can cause brain fog, not just caffeine, and that drinking large amounts of caffeine is not suggested, as it may cause dehydration and sleepiness, leading to brain fog. Celsius isn't fully to blame for brain fog, and you expose how this headline is clickbait.

---

I like how you expanded on some of the points that are only briefly touched in the article, giving more clarity to the matter. You also put in the time to verify these were all credible sources, which strengthens their claims and credibility. While the article does cover how caffeine can cause brain fog, it fails to expand more so on the energy drink aspect, focusing solely on coffee consumption instead. While this is a beneficial article, it fails to strengthen the original given claim: "Celsius," which is an energy drink, not coffee, which both have very different ingredients, "causes brain fog."

Answer 5

The article that was linked talks about what brain fog is and some of the things that could attribute to it, like energy drinks such as Celsius.  In this article it also links a Vital Health page which is a more credible site, since it's a .org.  

In the Vital Health article it says, "Many times, treatment can be as easy as going to bed earlier, sleeping with oxygen (for sleep apnea), consuming less alcohol and caffeine, eating healthy food regularly and even drinking more water. Studies have shown dehydration contributes to poor brain function (kids who drank a few cups of water before a cognitive test did better than the control group), and in the High Country, it’s easy to become dehydrated."  So, the article does say that caffeine may be a cause in brain fog, however it does not say that Celsius is the main thing that causes it. 

While caffeine is most likely a cause in brain fog, another organization didn't even recognize it as an option.  Listing, "A lack of sleep, autoimmune conditions like lupus, multiple sclerosis and fibromyalgia, diabetes and low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia), mental health conditions like anxiety or depression, neurodivergent conditions like ADHD and autism spectrum disorder, hormonal changes like during pregnancy or menopause, poor nutrition, stress."

Brain Fog: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Caffeine is a cause in messing up your sleep and thus leading to brain fog, however this article is misleading in placing the blame on Celsius and caffeine alone.

Comments

I completely agree with your fact-check! This is a great way tp explain how the article linked is misleading and that the author's references are legitimate but don't refer to the main claim of celsius. Why not just refer to caffeine like you mentioned? Overall your fact check gives an understanding of what the majority are thinking when reading this article.

---

Great work! I agree with your fact-check and I spoke about how the article used does not directly speak about the claim on celsius. I believe that this article would have worked if the claim was simply about caffeine and not celsius specifically. All in all, the claim isn't all bad, but there are some uncertainties and questions unanswered when comparing the claim and the article used to support it.

Answer 6

The article on caffeine and brain fog raises some interesting points, but the main claim in the title is misleading. While it suggests a direct causal relationship between caffeine and brain fog, the complexities of this topic warrant a more nuanced discussion. The article accurately notes that caffeine can disrupt sleep patterns, citing research from the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine that shows caffeine consumed up to six hours before bedtime can significantly affect sleep quality, leading to increased fatigue and cognitive issues. However, the title implies that caffeine is the sole cause of brain fog, which oversimplifies the issue. The connection between brain fog and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is mentioned, but it’s crucial to highlight that brain fog is not a clinically recognized condition on its own, it is a symptom associated with various health issues, including CFS. This condition currently lacks a cause or treatment, making it misleading to solely attribute brain fog to caffeine consumption. 

4o mini

Comments

Your answer is well-written and provides a detailed analysis of the linked article—well done! However, I think you could strengthen your argument by including perspectives from outside sources. Even though you dive deeply into the claims of the linked article, finding other articles or studies that support your analytical thoughts could make your point of view more credible. By only picking apart the linked article, your stance feels like it's lacking some evidence because it doesn't provide outside input from other experts.

---

Your fact-check makes a very important point about the misleading claim in the title. This is a very good response, but the only thing I'd say to improve is emphasizing that brain fog is a system connected to many health conditions, not just caffeine. Adding one extra simple source that could focus on stress and nutrition would provide a more balanced view and can allow readers to understand the unfortunate complexities about brain fog.

---

Your answer helped me grasp the confusion of the article and title. I have always felt like Celcius's give me really bad brain fog and almost has the opposite effect that caffeine normally has on people. Your response was well written and helped me understand that other factors come into caffeine giving you brain fog.

---

You raise an excellent point that while the paper acknowledges caffeine as a possible cause of brain fog, it does not specifically blame energy drinks or Celsius for the problem. Rather, it highlights a wider variety of elements that can all have a big impact on cognitive performance, like lack of sleep, hydration, and diet. I think that it's critical to acknowledge that there are other potential causes of brain fog, not only caffeine, and that the inclusion of reliable sources like Vital Health lends credibility to the conversation. Making lifestyle adjustments like getting better sleep, drinking more water, and eating a balanced diet can frequently help reduce brain fog, as the article emphasizes. However, it's important to take into account all potential contributing factors rather than concentrating only on a single one

---

Your response effectively critiques the article because it balances acknowledgment of its valid points with a clear identification of its shortcomings.

---

I love how you bring up the complexities within this claim and the article. your answer is well thought out and gives a good point. I think if you looked at some more sources other then the one therefor we would get more opinions and reasoning of why this drink specifically causes the feeling of brain fog. I would have liked to learn more about the various other conditions connected to CFS and how they work together to cause this effect along side drinking Celsius.

---

Your fact check is well thought out and highlights important issues with the articles approach. It's great that you point out the articles valid mention of how caffeine affects sleep quality, but I agree that the broader claim could benefit from a more nuanced explanation. You also do well to clarify that attributing brain fog solely to caffeine oversimplifies the issue and overlooks other potential causes.

Answer 7

This article is misleading. While this article states that caffeine can lead to less sleep, which is supported by other trustworthy sources such as the NIH, it doesn't prove that caffeine directly leads to brain fog. Sleep-deprivation can lead to both "brain fog" and fatigue, but the article also explains how people can treat those symptoms by getting more "oxygen intake, drinking less caffeine", and other healthy habits before bed. The source also never actually mentions Celsius by name, and also doesn't explain if energy drinks are worse for your health than other caffeine products. There has been no evidence of safe use of Celsius causing health problems. According to Drink Reviews, Celsius has much more caffeine that an average can of redbull, which can put the average consumer at more risk if they don't know the ingredients.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6230475/

Comments

I agree! This is a good fact check that examines the issues with the original claim. I think you could have benefitted from using a second source to further triangulate your data, but I like that you used a good .gov source for your response. I also think it is important to consider the quantity of caffeine that is considered unsafe or no longer healthy.

---

I think you make a strong point about the article talking about caffeine's effects for people who have sleep deprivation, failing to directly prove a link between caffeine and brain fog. Also, the name 'Celsius' while not comparing energy drinks to other caffeine products doesn't strengthen the comment, when the  risks of higher caffeine content or additives in Celsius aren’t addressed. Your reference to Drink Reviews is thought out, showing the importance of ingredient transparency and the consumer awareness when discussing the potential risks.

Answer 8

This article claims that Celsius and other caffeinated drinks can lead to brain fog and fatigue.

This article provides links to other articles, which provide more factual information on this topic. They claim that while caffeine itself is not the direct cause of brain fog, it can contribute to sleep deprivation, which in turn can lead to symptoms of brain fog and fatigue. Dr. Dennis Lipton notes that brain fog can be alleviated by improving sleep quality and reducing caffeine intake. The articles links also state that research indicates that caffeine can disrupt sleep if consumed too close to bedtime. A study by Christopher Drake found that caffeine taken six hours before bedtime can significantly disrupt sleep.

Brain fog and fatigue are multifaceted issues with various contributing factors, including stress, poor diet, and lack of exercise. Caffeine is just an additive factor that can worsen these conditions.

The claim that Celsius and other caffeinated drinks directly cause brain fog and fatigue is misleading. While caffeine can contribute to sleep disruption, which may lead to brain fog and fatigue, it is not the sole cause. Improving sleep hygiene and reducing caffeine intake can help mitigate these symptoms. Therefore, the claim is partially true but is exaggerated/misleading and lacks context regarding the multifactorial nature of brain fog and fatigue.

The Balanced Nutritionist

NeuroLaunch

Comments

This is a great fact check. I like the way you walked through the steps on how people could associate Celsius with brain fog and fatigue. I also appreciate the way the you broke down the article that way linked in the claim.

---

I like your analysis about how this claim can be exaggerated and confusing. Citing sources from a licensed doctor's perspective is great. I like how you discussed that its' caffeine itself and sleep deprivation can be the leading cause of the brain fog. Acknowledging that there may be other things affecting the brain fog or contributing to it is also amazing! Good job!

---

This was a well rounded factcheck. You broke down what the article actually stated, and went through the links. the links you added lead to credible sources, and your statements are well thought out. It would be interesting to cite a source that includes a direct link from sleep deprivation to brain fog.

Answer 9

I think expanding on your claim in the description box could be useful and beneficial to those before clicking on the article that you provided to provide a better understanding and strong stance to your claim that Celsius and or caffeinated drinks can lead to brain fog.

this could include talking about your opinion on Celsius and caffeinated drinks whether or not you have had them or not as well as maybe why you found this claim interesting or why you choose it to engage your readers as well as where you found this article and if its reliable or why we should look more into it as well as maybe including an article about what brain fog is and the effects it personally can cause on a person besides caffeinated drinks being involved.

Comments

This is a great point on the formatting of the original post, but I'm wondering if you have something to contribute to the fact checking in this thread. For instance, you might be able to link a source about what brain fog is and its common causes.

Answer 10

In this article, Dylan Roche claims that caffeine is causing brain fog, but more accurately it affects other parts of your life that will have negative effects on your concentration and memory. Dylan Roche is a well-known author and journalist, and the site Live Strong is focused on setting examples of healthier lifestyles. Taking into consideration the purpose of this website, it makes sense if the effects of caffeine, specifically Celsius and coffee which already have negative reputations, were exaggerated to make a point. Roche mentions the limited stimulation but lasting effect caffeine has on your body, and how that can affect your sleep. An article published in the National Library of Health corroborates this argument, saying "The consumption of caffeine in response to insufficient sleep may impair the onset and maintenance of subsequent sleep". Although it's proven true, the study still doesn't legitimize the claim that caffeine causes brain fog, just that it can affect your sleep and in turn, the lack of sleep may make it hard to concentrate. 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36870101/ 

Comments

This fact check does a good job of supporting Roche’s argument with a credible source from the National Library of Health, which improves its validity. This connection between caffeine’s impact on sleep and potential cognitive effects adds additional reliability to the claim. However, you could be clearer of the fact that the study links caffeine to sleep disruption, not directly to brain fog, making the argument slightly overstated.